Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are illnesses caused by microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are spread by living organisms known as vectors. Mosquitoes and ticks are among the most common vectors and can transmit diseases when they bite people or animals. Mosquitoes breed in areas with stagnant water, while ticks are commonly found in woodlands, grasslands, and some gardens. Although not all mosquitoes and ticks carry harmful microbes, some can spread diseases such as malaria, dengue, Lyme disease, and tick-borne encephalitis.

VBDs affect people and animals around the world, and their distribution can be influenced by factors such as climate, the environment, and human activities. Preventing these diseases focuses mainly on avoiding bites and reducing contact with vectors through simple measures such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, checking for ticks after outdoor activities, and removing mosquito breeding sites.

This lesson will support pupils in understanding the links between insects, the environment, and health, empowering them to make informed choices that help keep themselves and their pets safe.